Docker如何快速搭建PHP+Nginx+Mysql环境

准备

创建目录

mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram &&
mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/conf &&
mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/logs &&
mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/nginx/conf.d &&
mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf &&
mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/logs &&
mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/data &&
cd /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/nginx/conf.d && sudo touch default.conf

配置PHP

拉取php-fpm镜像

docker pull php:7.1.33-fpm #版本7.1.33

启动php-fpm

docker run --name  mwq-php \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram:/var/www/html \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/conf:/usr/local/etc/php \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/logs:/phplogs \
-d --link mwq-php php:7.1.33-fpm

--name mwq-php是容器的名字

/Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram是本地项目目录，/var/www/html是容器内项目存储目录

配置Nginx

拉取Nginx镜像

docker pull nginx:latest //拉取最新版本

配置nginx.conf

server {
    listen  80;
    server_name localhost;
    set $root /var/www/html/localhost;
    
    #access_log  /tmp/nginx/logs/localhost.net.access.log main;
    #error_log  /tmp/nginx/logs/localhost.net.error.log notice;

    location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
        root $root;
    }

    location / {
        root $root;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        if ( -f $request_filename) {
            break;
        }
        if (!-e $request_filename) {
            rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 last;
            break;
        }
    }

    location ~ .php(.*)$ {
        root $root;
        set $script $uri;
        set $path_info "";
        if ($uri ~ "^(.+.php)(/.+)") {
            set $script $1;
            set $path_info $2;
        }
        fastcgi_pass mwq-php:9000;
        #fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_index    index.php?IF_REWRITE=1;
        fastcgi_param    PATH_INFO    $path_info;
        fastcgi_param    SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param    SCRIPT_NAME    $script;
        include          fastcgi_params;

    }

    location ~ /.ht {
        deny  all;
    }
    location ~ /.svn {
        deny  all;
    }
    location ~ /.git/ {
        deny  all;
    }
    location ~ /Logs/ {
        deny  all;
    }
    location ~ /Logs/.* {
    }
    location ~ /Logs/.* {
        deny  all;
    }
    location ~ .*.(sql|tar.gz|zip|gz|tar|rariso|rpm|apk|bak)$ {
        deny  all;
    }
  
}

启动Nginx

docker run --name mwq-nginx -p 80:80 -d \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram:/var/www/html:ro \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro \
--link mwq-php:php \
nginx

配置MySQL

拉取MySQL镜像

docker pull mysql:5.7.36 #版本5.7.36

启动MySQL

docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mwq-mysql \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/logs:/logs \
-v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/data:/mysql_data \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7.36

• -p 3306:3306： 将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口

• -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql ： 将主机/Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf目录挂载到容器的/etc/mysql

• -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456： 初始化root用户的密码

• -d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID

常见问题

1、thinkphp报错 Undefined class constant 'MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND'

缺少pdo_mysql扩展，连接数据库失败

找到php.ini,docker中在/usr/local/etc/php中，复制一份php.ini，增加extension=pdo_mysql.so,重启php-fpm，如果还是不行，访问phpinfo页面，查看是否有pdo_mysql

如果没有，说明没有pdo_mysql扩展，需要编译

编译方法如下：

到docker的php容器中，在php文件夹下：

docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysql

如果报 /usr/local/bin/docker-php-ext-enable: cannot create /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pdo_mysql.ini: Directory nonexistent

解决方案：直接在/usr/local/etc/php目录下面新建 conf.d目录和对应的docker-php-ext-pdo_msql.ini文件

其中docker-php-ext-pdo_msql.ini的内容为：

extension=pdo_mysql.so

2、thinkphp 报错 STORAGE_WRITE_ERROR:./Application/Runtime/Cache/Home/4e64ea6a2012f26b832b14cbc2152b28.php

是因为服务器缓存文件夹的操作权限不够，即Runtime没有权限，把缓存文件全部删除，再给Runtime777权限就行了

sudo chmod 777 Runtime 或者直接对代码库最外层设置777权限

3、thinkphp验证码图片显示不出来

缺少gd扩展，安装：

docker-php-ext-install gd

可能以下报错：

If configure fails try --with-webp-dir=<DIR>
If configure fails try --with-jpeg-dir=<DIR>
configure: error: png.h not found.

安装：

apt-get install libpng-dev libjpeg-dev

再次执行：

// 增加freetype配置
docker-php-ext-configure gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr/include/freetype2 --with-png-dir=/usr/include --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/include

// 安装
docker-php-ext-install gd

php.ini增加php_gd2.so

phpinfo中显示gd库

注意如果phpinfo的gd库中没有freetype的支持，验证码依然显示不出来, 会报错：

Call to undefined function Think\imagettftext()

如果gd库中没有freeType，则按照以下步骤进行：

docker-php-ext-configure gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr/include/freetype2 --with-png-dir=/usr/include

重新编译：

docker-php-ext-install gd

如果报错： configure: error: freetype-config not found. 运行：

apt-get -y install libfreetype6-dev

然后再继续运行上面的命令。gd库中有了freetype，则验证码显示正常了

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