linux buffer是什么

/* => 清除缓存页(除了脏页、上锁的、正在回写的或映射在页表中的)*/  
unsigned long invalidate_mapping_pages(struct address_space *mapping,  
 pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end)  
{  
 struct pagevec pvec;  
 pgoff_t index = start;  
 unsigned long ret;  
 unsigned long count = 0;  
 int i;  
  
 
 /*  
 * Note: this function may get called on a shmem/tmpfs mapping:  
 * pagevec_lookup() might then return 0 prematurely (because it  
 * got a gangful of swap entries); but it's hardly worth worrying  
 * about - it can rarely have anything to free from such a mapping  
 * (most pages are dirty), and already skips over any difficulties.  
 */  
  
 
 pagevec_init(&pvec, 0);  
 while (index <= end && pagevec_lookup(&pvec, mapping, index,  
 min(end - index, (pgoff_t)PAGEVEC_SIZE - 1) + 1)) {  
 mem_cgroup_uncharge_start();  
 for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(&pvec); i++) {  
 struct page *page = pvec.pages[i];  
  
 
 /* We rely upon deletion not changing page->index */  
 index = page->index;  
 if (index > end)  
 break;  
  
 
 if (!trylock_page(page))  
 continue;  
 WARN_ON(page->index != index);  
 /* => 无效一个文件的缓存 */  
 ret = invalidate_inode_page(page);  
 unlock_page(page);  
 /*  
 * Invalidation is a hint that the page is no longer  
 * of interest and try to speed up its reclaim.  
 */  
 if (!ret)  
 deactivate_page(page);  
 count += ret;  
 }  
 pagevec_release(&pvec);  
 mem_cgroup_uncharge_end();  
 cond_resched();  
 index++;  
 }  
 return count;  
} 
   
 
/*  
 * Safely invalidate one page from its pagecache mapping.  
 * It only drops clean, unused pages. The page must be locked.  
 *  
 * Returns 1 if the page is successfully invalidated, otherwise 0.  
 */  
/* => 无效一个文件的缓存 */  
int invalidate_inode_page(struct page *page)  
{  
 struct address_space *mapping = page_mapping(page);  
 if (!mapping)  
 return 0;  
 /* => 若当前页是脏页或正在写回的页，直接返回 */  
 if (PageDirty(page) || PageWriteback(page))  
 return 0;  
 /* => 若已经被映射到页表了，则直接返回 */  
 if (page_mapped(page))  
 return 0;  
 /* => 如果满足了以上条件就调用invalidate_complete_page继续 */  
 return invalidate_complete_page(mapping, page);  
}  
从上面的代码可以看到清除相关的页面要满足二个条件： 1. 不脏且没在回写； 2. 未被使用。如果满足了这二个条件就调用invalidate_complete_page继续：  
/* => 无效一个完整的页 */  
static int  
invalidate_complete_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page)  
{  
 int ret;  
  
 
 if (page->mapping != mapping)  
 return 0;  
  
 
 if (page_has_private(page) && !try_to_release_page(page, 0))  
 return 0;  
  
 
 /* => 若满足以上更多条件，则从地址空间中解除该页 */  
 ret = remove_mapping(mapping, page); 
   
 
 return ret;  
}  
  
 
/*  
 * Attempt to detach a locked page from its ->mapping. If it is dirty or if  
 * someone else has a ref on the page, abort and return 0. If it was  
 * successfully detached, return 1. Assumes the caller has a single ref on  
 * this page.  
 */  
/* => 从地址空间中解除该页 */  
int remove_mapping(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page) 
{  
 if (__remove_mapping(mapping, page)) {  
 /*  
 * Unfreezing the refcount with 1 rather than 2 effectively  
 * drops the pagecache ref for us without requiring another  
 * atomic operation.  
 */  
 page_unfreeze_refs(page, 1);  
 return 1;  
 }  
 return 0;  
} 
   
 
/*  
 * Same as remove_mapping, but if the page is removed from the mapping, it  
 * gets returned with a refcount of 0.  
 */  
/* => 从地址空间中解除该页 */  
static int __remove_mapping(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page)  
{  
 BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));  
 BUG_ON(mapping != page_mapping(page));  
  
 
 spin_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);  
 /*  
 * The non racy check for a busy page.  
 *  
 * Must be careful with the order of the tests. When someone has  
 * a ref to the page, it may be possible that they dirty it then  
 * drop the reference. So if PageDirty is tested before page_count 
 * here, then the following race may occur: 
 *  
 * get_user_pages(&page);  
 * [user mapping goes away]  
 * write_to(page);  
 * !PageDirty(page) [good]  
 * SetPageDirty(page); 
 * put_page(page); 
 * !page_count(page) [good, discard it]  
 *  
 * [oops, our write_to data is lost]  
 *  
 * Reversing the order of the tests ensures such a situation cannot  
 * escape unnoticed. The smp_rmb is needed to ensure the page->flags  
 * load is not satisfied before that of page->_count.  
 *  
 * Note that if SetPageDirty is always performed via set_page_dirty,  
 * and thus under tree_lock, then this ordering is not required. 
 */  
 if (!page_freeze_refs(page, 2))  
 goto cannot_free;  
 /* note: atomic_cmpxchg in page_freeze_refs provides the smp_rmb */  
 if (unlikely(PageDirty(page))) {  
 page_unfreeze_refs(page, 2);  
 goto cannot_free; 
 } 
  
 if (PageSwapCache(page)) {  
 swp_entry_t swap = { .val = page_private(page) }; 
 __delete_from_swap_cache(page);  
 spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);  
 swapcache_free(swap, page);  
 } else {  
 void (*freepage)(struct page *);  
  
 
 freepage = mapping->a_ops->freepage;  
  
  /* => 从页缓存中删除和释放该页 */ 
  __delete_from_page_cache(page); 
  spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock); 
  mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page(page); 
   
  if (freepage != NULL) 
  freepage(page);  
 }  
  
  return 1;  
  
 
cannot_free:  
 spin_unlock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock);  
 return 0;  
}  
  
 /* 
 * Delete a page from the page cache and free it. Caller has to make  
 * sure the page is locked and that nobody else uses it - or that usage  
 * is safe. The caller must hold the mapping's tree_lock.  
 */  
/* => 从页缓存中删除和释放该页 */  
void __delete_from_page_cache(struct page *page)  
{  
 struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;  
   
 trace_mm_filemap_delete_from_page_cache(page);  
 /*  
 * if we're uptodate, flush out into the cleancache, otherwise  
 * invalidate any existing cleancache entries. We can't leave  
 * stale data around in the cleancache once our page is gone  
 */  
 if (PageUptodate(page) && PageMappedToDisk(page))  
 cleancache_put_page(page);  
 else  
 cleancache_invalidate_page(mapping, page);  
  
 
 radix_tree_delete(&mapping->page_tree, page->index);  
 /* => 解除与之绑定的地址空间结构 */  
 page->mapping = NULL;  
 /* Leave page->index set: truncation lookup relies upon it */  
 /* => 减少地址空间中的页计数 */ 
 mapping->nrpages--; 
 __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);  
 if (PageSwapBacked(page))  
 __dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM);  
 BUG_ON(page_mapped(page)); 
   
 
 /*  
 * Some filesystems seem to re-dirty the page even after  
 * the VM has canceled the dirty bit (eg ext3 journaling).  
 *  
 * Fix it up by doing a final dirty accounting check after  
 * having removed the page entirely.  
 */  
 if (PageDirty(page) && mapping_cap_account_dirty(mapping)) {  
 dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY);  
 dec_bdi_stat(mapping->backing_dev_info, BDI_RECLAIMABLE); 
 } 
}